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Tuesday, August 25, 2020
Punishment, Is The Execution Of Criminals By The State, For Essays
Discipline, is the execution of crooks by the state, for The death penalty prevents murder, and is simply Retribution. Capital carrying out violations, respected so deplorable, this is the main worthy discipline. The death penalty doesn't just lower the murder rate, however it's an incentive as requital alone is a valid justification for giving out capital punishments. Backing for capital punishment in the U.S. has ascended to a normal of 80% as indicated by an article composed by Richard Worsnop, entitled Capital punishment banter focuses on Requital, this figure is somewhat lower in Canada where support for capital punishment is at 72% of the populace more than 18 years of age, as expressed in article by Kirk Makir, in the March 26, 1987 version of the Globe and Mail, named B.C. MPs split on Death Penalty. Capital punishment discourages murder by putting the dread of death into would be executioners. An individual is more averse to accomplish something, in the event that he or on the other hand she imagines that damage will come to him. Another way the demise punishment prevents murder, is the way that if the executioner is dead, he will not have the option to execute once more. Most supporters of capital punishment feel that wrongdoers ought to be rebuffed for their violations, and that it doesn't make a difference whether it will prevent the crime percentage. Supporters of capital punishment are in favor of making models out of guilty parties, and that the danger of passing will be sufficient to discourage the crime percentage, yet the crime percentage is superfluous. As indicated by Isaac Ehrlich's examination, distributed on April 16, 1976, eight killings are hindered for every execution that is conveyed out in the U.S.A. He proceeds to state, On the off chance that one execution of a liable capital killer hinders the homicide of one guiltless life, the execution is advocated. To most supporters of capital punishment, similar to Ehrlich, on the off chance that even 1 life is spared, for endless executions of the liable, it is a valid justification for capital punishment. The hypothesis that society locks in in murder when executing the blameworthy, is viewed as invalid by most supporters, including Ehrlich. He feels that execution of sentenced wrongdoers communicates the extraordinary worth society puts on guiltless life. Isaac Ehrlich proceeds to express that prejudice is additionally a point utilized by capital punishment advocates. We will utilize the U.S. as models, since we can not take a gander at the detainees waiting for capital punishment in Canada, in light of the fact that their are laws in Canada that express that wrongdoing measurements can not be based on race, additionally the way that there are no prisoners waiting for capital punishment in Canada. In the U.S. 16 out of 1000 whites captured for homicide are condemned to death, while 12 of 1000 blacks captured for homicide were condemned to death. 1.1% of dark detainees waiting for capital punishment were executed, while 1.7% of white detainees will bite the dust. Another weep for prejudice, as indicated by Ehrlich, that is raised by supporters of capital punishment depends on the shade of the casualty, for instance if the casualty is white, almost certainly, the guilty party will get capital punishment than if the casualty had been dark. This is valid, in the event that you take a gander at the real number of individuals who are murder. More individuals slaughter whites and get capital punishment, at that point individuals who slaughter blacks and get capital punishment. The purpose behind this is that more whites are slaughtered, and the homicides caught. Presently on the off chance that we take a gander at the quantity of blacks slaughtered it is significantly less, however you have to take a gander at these numbers proportionately. Percent savvy it is nearly a similar number for any race, so this isn't the issue. In a recent report done by Professor Stephen K. Layson of the College of North Carolina, the ends made by Ehrilich were refreshed, and demonstrated to be a little on the low side similarly as the prevention factor of the death penalty. Educator Layson found that 18 homicides were prevented by every execution is the U.S. He likewise found that executions increment in likelihood of capture, conviction, and different executions of shocking guilty parties. As indicated by an announcement gave by George C. Smith, Director of Prosecution, Washington Legal Foundation, named In Support of the Capital punishment, support for capital punishment has developed in the U.S., as the crime percentage expanded. In 1966, 42% of Americans were in favor of the death penalty while 47% were against it. Since the wrongdoing rate United States has expanded, support for the death penalty has stuck to this same pattern. In 1986, support for the death penalty was
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Elizabeth I 2 free essay sample
Elizabeth I A ; Marlowe # 8217 ; s Faustus # 8211 ; Pragmatism And Lasting Accomplishment Vs. Impetousity And Fleeting Essay, Research Paper Henryk Jaronowski English 9H, 7 Mrs. Ritter Winter 1998 Elizabeth I A ; Marlowe # 8217 ; s Faustus # 8211 ; Pragmatism and Lasting Accomplishment versus Impetousity and Fleeting Aggrandizement Goethe # 8217 ; s Faust. Milton # 8217 ; s Paradise Lost. Shakespeare # 8217 ; s Macbeth. Every single praised plant which were foreshadowed by a dramatization called The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, a show so incredible as to do Goethe say # 8220 ; How enormously is it arranged! # 8221 ; ( Knoll 72 ) . Specialist Faustus was composed by Christopher Marlowe, a writer whose big name among his coevalss is second simply to Shakespeare # 8217 ; s ( Farnham 1 ) . Marlowe lived in an England managed by Elizabeth I, an incredible patronne of the humanistic trains each piece great truly swayer whose main utilization for power was the improvement of the land and the general masses. In this commended show, which many consider to be Marlowe # 8217 ; s coronating achievement, the bookman Faustus, blinded with the lasciviousness for force and perception, denotes a merciless arrangement in which he exchanges his imperishable mind for 24 mature ages of his fondest needs ( Farnham 6-7 ) . Faustus so proceeds to blow what little force was given him on expanding his big name ( Frye 57 ) . In dull differentiation to Elizabeth I # 8217 ; s matter-of-actuality use for power, Marlowe # 8217 ; s Faustus, blinded by a terrible indecency for power, wasted what little messy force was distributed him by Lucifer, convey throughing nil of any existent perpetual worth and working no reason rescue his ain criminal glorification. Elizabeth I was seemingly one of the most efficacious swayers England ever had ; a # 8220 ; illustrious discerning # 8221 ; , Elizabeth # 8217 ; s boss association as a main priority, was its capacity to follow up on individuals and occasions. She involved truth sovereign who wanted to bite over her choices ( Kendall 1-2 ) . For representation, Elizabeth felt for her Catholic cousin, Mary Stuart Queen of Scots, both as a sovereign and as a grown-up female yet, when a Catholic mystery plan against Elizabeth # 8217 ; s life fizzled, she conquered her own emotions sing Mary. This permitted her leting her to do a difficul tchoice # 8212 ; the pick to hold Mary executed on February 8, 1587. She did this to take the Catholic hazard to benefit the state ( Johnson 39-41 ) . She neer wedded and utilized her girlhood as an instrument of diplomacy, playing her suers, both Catholic and Protestant, against one another ( Slavin ) . # 8220 ; Moved by male excellence, she neer surrendered to it, and could pass on herself to guide her cherished Essex to the square # 8221 ; ( Smith nine ) . One of the extraordinary talkers of her clasp, her addresss could propel the people, cajole Parliament into making what she them to make, and smooth over numerous sensitive discretionary condition of affairss ( Green 30 ) . Her logic and enrichment did England an incredible social place and a power with which to be figured. She was an extraordinary patronne of the humanistic trains each piece great as making numerous things, just some of which are the undermentioned: doing the Church of England # 8217 ; s boss church, staying away from war with Roman Catholic states, driving back the Spanish Armada, set uping England as # 8220 ; Queen of the Seas # 8221 ; through her vanquishing Spain, and helping the financial arrangement of England to flourish ( Slavin ) . Writing and the humanistic controls thrived ; Marlowe, Shakespeare, and Spenser composed Doctor Faustus, Julius Caesar, and The Fairy Qu eene, severally. The strength of the obvious certainty Elizabeth I to the English seat in 1558 at the stamp age of 24 denoted the start of another # 8220 ; aureate age # 8221 ; for England ( Slavin ) . In dull complexity to Elizabeth # 8217 ; s sober mindedness and accomplishment, Faustus was a levelheaded whose recklessness and licentiousness for individual big name at long last obliterated him. He gets frustrated with ordinary academic pursues and, accepting that # 8220 ; A sound prestidigitator is a demi-god # 8221 ; , pronounces # 8220 ; Here tire, my encephalons, to gain a heavenly nature! # 8221 ; ( Marlowe 9 ) . The central natural structure of preparing that Faustus makes before raising Mephistopheles comprises basically of woolgathering about what he will make with insidious force. Faustus would like to use his forces to do alcohols bring for him gold from India, pearls from the seas, and # 8220 ; lovely leafy foods delicates # 8221 ; ( Marlowe, Doctor 9 ) from the New World. He wanders off in fantasy land about holding the alcohols divider Germany with metal, holding the mixers take the signiory of Emden, and holding the mixers drive the Prince of Parma from Germany ( Mar lowe, Doctor 9 ) . These early purposes, in any case self important, are still basically for Faustus # 8217 ; s glorification ( Sewall 63-64 ) . This quickness is # 8220 ; highlight of Faustus, who far too much quickly considers and rejects his accomplishments in every single significant development of larning # 8211 ; he dismisses an essential guideline of magic, dark or white. He makes plans to raise at once, and in this manner makes incomprehensible the refinement, the ceremonial readyings, suggested by beguiling handbooksâ⬠( Traister 80 ) . He is blinded with lasciviousness for detestable force, expressing ââ¬Å"How am I glutted with love propre of this! â⬠in scene one ( Marlowe 10 ) . After a short exercise in basic magic from his companions Valdes and Cornelius, Faustus endeavors to name up Mephistopheles by declaiming a charm in which he repudiates his religion in the Christian Trinity and ââ¬Å"turns to the fiendish three of Lucifer, Beelzebub, and Demogorgonâ⬠( Marlowe 18 ) . Mephistopheles shows up, and when inquired as to whether his ââ¬Å"conjuring speechesâ⬠gathered him, he says that it was non the bringing charm up in of itself that brought him, however rather that the charm had brought him in view of something it happened to include: viz. , his ââ¬Å"rack [ ing ] the name of God, Abjur [ ing ] the Bibles and his Jesus Christâ⬠( Marlowe 20 ) . Mephistopheles proceeds to express that he looks for Faus tusââ¬â¢s mind, that Faustus is ââ¬Å"in risk to be damnââ¬â¢dâ⬠, and that a demonstration of Faustusââ¬â¢s readiness to surrender his mind to the Devil carried him to Faustus of his ain choice ( Marlowe 20 ) . Faustus so hurries into the sensible demonstration of offering his mind to the Devil for 24 mature ages of Mephistophelesââ¬â¢ administration ( Marlowe 30 ) . He is considerably anxious to sell his mind, expressing ââ¬Å"Had I the same number of minds as at that spot be stars, Iââ¬â¢d give them just for Mephistophelesâ⬠( Marlowe 22 ) . Faustus follows cloud sentiments of disappointment to offer his unfading mind to the Devil for 24 mature ages of administration from Mephistopheles. Faustusââ¬â¢s unmanageable activities lead to his ruin and warrant that his life in the wake of taking up raising has little accomplishment of any processing esteem. Faustus # 8217 ; s unforesightful pick to surrender all that he cultivated as a bookman to offer his mind to the Satan guaranteed that his name would go down through the ages, non as an extraordinary bookman, yet as a cut-up and a feeble grown-up male # 8212 ; an outline of what conclusions one ought to non do. His life was, before his break from the legitimate logical orders, splendid and loaded with guarantee. He was the pride of Wittenberg, for he was # 8220 ; grac # 8217 ; nutrient D with doctor # 8217 ; s name # 8221 ; , his # 8220 ; measures [ were ] hung up as commemorations # 8221 ; , and he relieved a # 8220 ; thousand urgent diseases # 8221 ; ( Marlowe 5 ) . Faustus # 8217 ; s place subsequent to buying in the bargain is non a long way from that of a meandering performer # 8211 ; he goes from court to council, seting on shows and drawing buffooneries. Faustus engages the head he had wanted to order, and # 8220 ; winds up pensioned off at the choice of the eventide # 8217 ; s appear. # 8221 ; ( Frye 57 ) The mixers which he had trusted would pass on him riches only passing on unavailable grapes to satisfy the pregnant Duchess of Vanholt # 8217 ; s yearnings. # 8220 ; Faustus acknowledges the sponsorship of those whom he one time wished to disparage. # 8221 ; ( Frye 57 ) . On the off chance that non for Faustus # 8217 ; s unrealistic and unforesightful assurance to sell his mind, he may hold stood out forever as an incredible bookman and specialist rather than a grown-up male who was fooled into surrendering fame for junior-grade enchanting quick ones and outlaw VIP. When taking a gander at the dramatization The Tragical History of the Life and Death of Doctor Faustus, one can non help however ask what comparings, complexities, or tales Marlowe wished to leave upon individual perusing his show. Conceivably he wished to demo a complexity between the hastiness and outlaw captivation of the Faustus of his dramatization and the sober mindedness and perpetual big name of the swayer of his state. Conceivably he wished to do the peruser wander off with a good # 8211 ; # 8221 ; # 8216 ; Tis preferable to be an Elizabeth over a Faustus. # 8221 ; Plants Cited Farnham, Willard erectile brokenness. Twentieth Century Interpretations of Doctor Faustus. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Frye, Roland M. # 8220 ; Marlowe # 8217 ; s Doctor Faustus: The Repudiation of Humanity. # 8221 ; In Twentieth Century Interpretations of Doctor Faustus. Ed. Willard Farnham. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1969. Green, Robert. Sovereign Elizabeth I. New York: Franklin Watts, 1997. Johnson, Paul. Elizabeth I ; a real existence. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1974. Kendall, Allen. Elizabeth I. New York: St. Martin # 8217 ; s Press, 1977. Glade, Robert E. Christopher Marlowe. New York: Twayne Publ
Monday, August 10, 2020
Understanding Illyngophobia or the Fear of Vertigo
Understanding Illyngophobia or the Fear of Vertigo Phobias Types Print Understanding Illyngophobia or the Fear of Vertigo By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Updated on October 15, 2019 GeorgePeters / Getty Images More in Phobias Types Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Treatment Those who suffer from illyngophobia, the fear of vertigo (dizziness), are not afraid of the height itself, but of developing vertigo when looking down. Overview Illynogophobia is related to acrophobia, the fear of heights, but is not the same. Those with acrophobia are literally afraid of being at a significant height. The difference is subtle, and a trained clinician can make a proper diagnosis. Most people report some level of discomfort with heights. Gibson and Walks famous 1960 Visual Cliff experiments, detailed in Acrophobia, showed that babies are reluctant to cross a thick pane of glass covering an apparent drop. What Is Vertigo? Vertigo is a specific type of dizziness and causes you to feel like your: SpinningSwayingTiltingIn a moving roomMoving There are two types of vertigo and both can be exacerbated by heights, particularly when looking down from a ledge: Subjective vertigo, the sufferer feels like he or she is moving or swaying.Objective vertigo, the sufferer feels like objects are moving around him or her. A number of pre-existing conditions and medications can cause vertigo, including: Inner ear issuesBrain abnormalitiesSome diuretics and antidepressants Symptoms If you suffer from illyngophobia it is not unusual to believe that you have vertigo. These two phobias can induce many of the same symptoms, including: DizzinessShakingNauseaVomiting Causes The cause of illyngophobia is often, although not always, a negative experience with heights experienced by you or someone else. Perhaps you fell off the sofa as a child or watched someone fall, either in person or on television. Evolutionary psychologists believe illyngophobia may be an extreme variation on a normal evolutionary survival mechanism. Complications Many occupations require employees to work at significant heights. Those with severe illyngophobia may be unable to work even inside an office on a high floor. City dwellers may limit their choice of apartments as they are unwilling to live above the first floor. If you suffer from illyngophobia, you may develop the symptoms of medical vertigo. This can further increase your anxiety as you now believe that you have the disorder you feared. Treatment Like other specific phobias, you require treatment if the phobia interferes with your living a normal life. Cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the most common and most effective treatments for illyngophobia and other specific phobias. The therapist teaches you how to replace your negative thoughts about being at heights with positive ones. You will learn to relax as you confront progressively more challenging heights through a process known as systematic desensitization. Although the fear of vertigo can be life-limiting, treatment is successful in the vast majority of cases. In Popular Culture The best-known example of illyngophobia in popular culture is Alfred Hitchcocks 1958 film Vertigo. In the film, a police detective develops vertigo after seeing a fellow officer fall to his death during a rooftop chase. Throughout the film, the detectives condition is shown to be psychological in nature and he is able to conquer vertigo at the end, albeit at a terrible price.
Saturday, May 23, 2020
Questions On Margin Of Error - 1532 Words
What is margin of error? Margin of error is a common summary of sampling error that quantifies uncertainty about survey results. Three pieces of data are needed to express the ââ¬Å"confidence interval,â⬠: statistic, confidence level, and margin of error. Confidence Interval is usually stated in the following format: 95 percent confidence intervals, or accurate 19/20 times with a margin of error of +/- 5%. This means that 19 out of 20 times it is expected that the mean of the survey result (stats) will fall within 5% above or below the true value. There are strict parameters that determines on which survey results a Margin of Error disclaimer can included. MRIA sets the guidelines for reporting research in Appendix ââ¬Å"Dâ⬠MRIA Revisedâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦(b) Researchers must ensure the reliability and validity of research data as far as reasonably possible when designing research methodologies and instruments and in the collection, processing and analysis of research data. Integrity of Reporting (a) Researchers must not knowingly allow the dissemination of conclusions from a market research project which are not adequately supported by the data. They must always be prepared to make available the technical information necessary to assess the validity of any published findings. (b) This entails that: 1. Researchers must recommend those techniques and methodologies which are appropriate to the objectives of the research, avoiding those which they believe may give misleading results. 2. Researchers must not provide or allow without protest, interpretations of the research that are inconsistent with the data. 3. Researchers must not present research results with greater confidence than the data warrants. Instead, as responsible professionals, members must point out the relevant limitations of the research. This includes but is not limited to the following guidelines: i. Disclosing relevant potential sources of error, both sampling and non-sampling (e.g. response, non-response, measurement, coverage, etc.). ii. Being explicit about the assumptions
Tuesday, May 12, 2020
A Brief Note On Agro Terrorism And Its Effects On Society
Americans have become so fixated on a 9/11 type of attack that many others modes of terrorism often go over looked, such as agricultural terrorism (agro terrorism). Agro terrorism can be defined as the intentional release of a disease substance that impacts cattle and other food supply chains that either generates widespread fear or impacts a the social economic climate (Chalk, 2004). The U.S. is vulnerable for such a disruption and cannot wait until an attack occurs before significant action is taken to defend the people and keep Americaââ¬â¢s defenses in a mode that detects and deters potential threats. Vulnerabilities have to be identified and steps have to be taken to mitigate the impact of a potential threat. There is no way to preventâ⬠¦show more contentâ⬠¦in attempt to be heard. Additionally, if another 9/11 happened you canââ¬â¢t rule out this type of attack to further disrupt stability and put more fear and chaos in the minds of citizens. This type of attack can be done simultaneously with another attack and cause the same damage to U.S. infrastructure as if a building had collapsed. With little to no resistance, the terrorist organization can achieve a low risk, high reward attack and ultimately achieve the desired results of panic and production lag even if the attempt is unsuccessful or quickly contained. The vulnerabilities exist in monitoring, detection, response, and a clear lack of knowledgeable technicians and diagnostic professionals dedicated to agricultural terrorism. Monitoring Currently, the U.S. has identified a need to develop plans that will collect and integrate information for the agricultural safety of Americaââ¬â¢s food chain. Some states have addressed the issue but only North Carolina has made significant strides in what developed agricultural plan would look like. As of now, there is no effective national coordination on the federal level despite the existence of presidential directives aimed at securing this weakness. Specifically, the ââ¬Å"Homeland Security Presidential Directive 9 (HSPD-9), ââ¬Å"Defense of United States Agriculture and Foodâ⬠(Monke, 2005). This directive aimed to plan for the protection of agricultural resources in the
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
Administrative Law and Regulatory Processes Free Essays
The federal state constitution has set up various independent regulatory commissions which are established to regulate and decide on important areas of the nationââ¬â¢s economy. According to Horn (2003), the regulatory commissions are also referred to as the quasi-legislative groups, and they operate independently with no presidential control.à Members of the regulatory commissions are appointed to their various offices by the president, and are given the approval by the senate either for staggered periods or for long terms. We will write a custom essay sample on Administrative Law and Regulatory Processes or any similar topic only for you Order Now à The president cannot remove a head of an independent commission at will. Members who are appointed to work in the various independent commissions must have had appropriated experience working in the same industry.à The commissions should also have members from both parties and no member can be stopped from serving in the regulatory commission due to political factors. When a regulatory commission concentrates on the protection of the interests of a specific industry, such a commission is said to beââ¬â¢ capturedââ¬â¢ because it protects and represents only the interest of the industry, as opposed to the protection of the public interest.à The objective of any independent and regulatory commission should be to protect and represent the interest of the public. Quasi-legislative and Quasi- judicial Functions The regulatory commissions that are established as independent have both the quasi-judicial and the quasi-legislative functions, which they carry out in the discharge of their responsibilities.à Mayne Martin (2004) observed that, the quasi-legislative functions are exercised where the commission is required to take part in the rule making, and in the carrying out of their regulatory functions. à In the carrying out of this duty, there should be the force of law whereby, when a decision is made by the commission, it becomes legally binding and anyone who does not a bid by the rule is subject to a judicial sanction. According to Mayne Martin (2004), the powers of the quasi judicial functions have been exercised in situations where disputes need to be settled in various incidents where the congress may have been involved in the giving of policing authority such as, in the business field, where the commission may have been making decisions which may be viewed as suitable for the development of commerce. For instance, there is a commission on Interstate Commerce which deals with matters of economy in the state. The regulatory commissions have the three major powers which include the legislative, judicial and the executive powers.à Unlike other arms of government that are subject to the rule which demands for power separation, this rule does not apply to the regulatory commissions. There has been so much controversy concerning the powers given to the independent regulatory commissions, and these powers have been reduced every now and then especially during the leadership of president Bush and Reagan. Horn (2003) observed that, there has been a tremendous effort by the congress to protect the regulatory agencies from any political influence.à The congress does this by demanding that, every agency should be led by commissioners who are active in the two major political movements. How to cite Administrative Law and Regulatory Processes, Essays
Saturday, May 2, 2020
Unsettling Dreams an Analysis of the Metamorphosis free essay sample
An Analysis of The Metamorphosis Through his essay ââ¬Å"Competing Theories of Identity in The Metamorphosisâ⬠, Kevin W. Sweeny explores three different concepts of identity that are brought to light in Franz Kafkaââ¬â¢s novella The Metamorphosis. While our social role and conscious mind help establish our character, ultimately our material body determines how we identify, to ourselves and the general public. Through The Metamorphosis, Kafka explores how losing control of the body can conflict the mind, and decimate social status, as well as alter the very essence of oneââ¬â¢s identity. When he awakes one morning to find his human body replaced with that of a bug in Kafkaââ¬â¢s novella The Metamorphosis, Gregor Samsa does not immediately realize the drastic repercussions of this event; that with the loss of his human body comes the loss of his identity. No longer is he Gregor, but instead is a ââ¬Å"monstrous verminâ⬠(1). He has become unable to control his physical being and thus his actions, which are fundamental aspects of personal characterization. Gregorââ¬â¢s body begins to control all aspects of his life. It literally denies him the ability to speak, his voice intruded by an ââ¬Å"insistent distressed chirpingâ⬠(5). It is this loss of communication that stems Gregors detachment from humanity. He is incapable of voicing his thoughts and opinions, which is the very foundation of human interaction When Gregor first tries to respond to his mothers calls, his voice is badly garbled, broken up with chirps; when he attempts to defend himself against the Office Managerââ¬â¢s accusations with a long, pleading speech, the Managerââ¬â¢s only response is to claim Gregorââ¬â¢s voice as that ââ¬Å"of an animal (10). From this moment on, Gregor refrains from any attempt at speech. This absence of communication emphasizes the conflict between his conscious and the physical being it now inhabits; that of a bug. Also emphasizing this mind-body disconnect is Kafkaââ¬â¢s focus on ââ¬Å"[Gregorââ¬â¢s] little legsâ⬠, a phrase sometimes accompanied by modifiers such as ââ¬Å"numerousâ⬠(6) and ââ¬Å"strugglingâ⬠(6). Starkly contrasting the bipedalism of the more evolutionarily evolved human being, this emphasis on Gregorââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"many legs [being] pitifully thinâ⬠(16) further strips him of his human identity. Accompanied by the fact that Gregor is the only non-human character in the novella, this portrays him as an isolated creature, inferring he is an inferior being. The transformation of Gregorââ¬â¢s biological identity impacts not only him, but his family as well. For Gregor, it means almost complete isolation. After awakening that morning, he never again leaves the apartment, instead spending most of his time ââ¬Å"[lying] in the darkest corner of his roomâ⬠(34). His exile makes him an outcast not only socially, but with his family as well. In describing the family apartment, Kafkaââ¬â¢s repetition of the competing terms ââ¬Å"living roomâ⬠versus ââ¬Å"his roomâ⬠emphasize Gregorââ¬â¢s alienation from the rest of his family. While words such as ââ¬Å"immaculateâ⬠(35) attribute a clean, almost holy reverence to the living room, ââ¬Å"all the [useless] things migrate into Gregorââ¬â¢s roomâ⬠(33). This implies that Gregor himself is also useless, as it is his room that stores all the familyââ¬â¢s ââ¬Å"dirty junkâ⬠(33). Before his transformation, Gregor was the sole provider for his family. His father was feeble and ailing, whiles his mother and sister simply enjoyed the benefits of being taken care of. Yet with Gregorââ¬â¢s metamorphosis the family dynamic is altered into one of the more traditional sense, with his father assuming the authoritative, patriarchal role as head of the household. It is the contrast between these dynamics and Gregorââ¬â¢s role in them that invokes the analysis of Gregorââ¬â¢s true self. Through the novella, Gregor struggles with the separation of mind from body. His body repeatedly rejects what his mind wants, as demonstrated when his sister left Gregor a bowl of fresh milk with little pieces of bread floating in it. He discovers that he ââ¬Å"[doesnââ¬â¢t] like the milk at all, although if used to be his favorite drinkâ⬠(16), and that he now has a taste for half-rotten vegetables and expired cheese. These food choices are also used to further emphasize the loss of Gregorââ¬â¢s human identity, as no average person would voluntarily choose rotten over fresh food. It also allows insight into how he will soon be viewed by his family. A peer or superior would never be offered anything less than the most fresh, nourishing food available; days-old and rotting food is typically only given to those seen as inferior. He also finds great comfort underneath the couch in his room, even though he cannot fit entirely beneath it. This suggests the very stereotypical desire of a bug to be in a confined, dark space; a characteristic that is more often associated with a phobia than a desire among the human population. Gregor also uses a bed sheet to reveal and conceal himself. It is something that ââ¬Å"fell off by itselfâ⬠(6) with ease in the beginning of the story to reveal his bug body. And it is the same sheet e uses to cover himself for his sisterââ¬â¢s sake later on, when he realizes that the sight of him is ââ¬Å"still repulsive to her and was bound to remain repulsive to her in the futureâ⬠(22). This evokes the question of whether the sheet fell away in the beginning to reveal Gregorââ¬â¢s true self, or if it is his true self that he is trying to retain by keeping himself covered by it in the presence of his sister. The true self, that of the physical body possessed, is ultimat ely what decides how one is identified, both by themselves, as well as by society. Kafka uses Gregorââ¬â¢s bug body to address this theory. Ultimately it is our physical being that dictated our actions and how we are perceived. It is Gregorââ¬â¢s physical being that controls what he eats, his mobility, his sleep, and ultimately, it is his body that controls when he dies. Works Cited Kafka, Franz. The Metamorphosis: Translation, Backgrounds and Contexts, Criticism. Ed. Stanley Corngold. Trans. Stanley Corngold. Norton Critical Edition ed. New York: W. W. Norton, 1996. Print. Sweeney, Kevin W. ââ¬Å"Competing Theories of Identity in The Metamorphosis. â⬠The Metamorphosis. By Franz Kafka. Ed. Stanley Corngold. New York: Norton, 1996.
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